Typologies of Terrorism and Political Violence

Violent politics – the 3 levels in the spectrum of political action, by A. P.  Schmid (2011)

The Spectrum of Political Action

Adapted from A. P. Schmid, Political Terrorism, (Amsterdam: North-Holland, 1988), pp. 58-59; this updated version and the explanatory text is taken from S.V. Marsden and A. P. Schmid, ‘Typologies of Terrorism and Political Violence’, in A. P. Schmid (Ed.) (2011)