Violent politics – the 3 levels in the spectrum of political action, by A. P. Schmid (2011)
![The Spectrum of Political Action The Spectrum of Political Action](https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-eQ7a0sv4XiD0bufE1oh-dyZ-9tjH7A2EJvE9jsU3j5VaA37HvRy3e_lN55wNvpH1AGO2urQBaVGwJpR32laViLdSC_cx0dnViHL-67HMfzGxMOtfXNZGnYLxDa8nWJ-cX176DDhxEB8/s400/SchmidSpectum.jpg) |
The Spectrum of Political Action |
Adapted from A. P. Schmid, Political Terrorism, (Amsterdam: North-Holland, 1988), pp. 58-59; this updated version and the explanatory text is taken from S.V. Marsden and A. P. Schmid, ‘Typologies of Terrorism and Political Violence’, in A. P. Schmid (Ed.) (2011)
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